Alfred Gilbert 1854-1934
72.4 x 17.8 x 19.1 cm
Alfred Gilbert (1854–1934) was probably the greatest and best known sculptor in pre-20th century British art. Work such as The Shaftesbury Memorial (Eros) located at the southeastern side of Piccadilly Circus, The Alexandra Memorial opposite St James Palace, and The Clarence Tomb at St George’s Chapel, Windsor are just a few of his public monuments.
Gilbert joined the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of 19, where he was exposed to the influence of Frederic, Lord Leighton, and Aimés Jules Dalou (at that time exiled in London and teaching at the South Kensington School of Art). In 1875 Gilbert moved to Paris, and then, three years later, to Rome. This contact with European arts was hugely influential, and the impact of Italian Renaissance, especially Florentine (Donatello's David and Cellini's Perseus with the Head of Medusa come to mind in Gilbert’s work) would continue as a thread throughout his career.
Upon returning from Rome, Gilbert started to exhibit in London; at the Grosvenor Galleries and The Royal Academy, where models including Perseus Arming (1882) and Icarus (1882–84), and Comedy and Tragedy (1890) established the artist’s reputation at centre of the New Sculpture movement. Numerous private commissions and royal patronage followed.
Gilbert’s interest in new techniques and materials placed him as an entirely forward thinking, modern artist. His casting in aluminium for the Shaftesbury Memorial was the first example of the metal being used in English sculpture. Equally his use of polychrome, gilding and exotic stones in many of his models mark him as a true innovator. His investigations into the lost-wax process of casting, a technique he learnt in Italy, was entirely new to sculpture in Britain.
The turn of the century saw mounting financial issues, and the loss of his royal clientele, bankruptcy and self-exile to the continent followed. It was over 25 years before Gilbert’s triumphant return to England, marked by his final great commission: The Alexandra Memorial (1926–1932). He was knighted in 1932 and died two years later in 1934.
Alfred Gilbert’s work is held in major public collections around the world including in the Tate Gallery, London; The Victorian & Albert Museum, London; The Metropolitan Museum, New York; Detroit Institute of Arts and The Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
According to Richard Dorment, whose detailed catalogue entry about
Offering to Hymen in Alfred Gilbert (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1985) he relates the complex issues involving the dating, multiple versions, and exhibition history of this work, it presents ‘a pubescent girl [who] presents two gifts to the god of Marriage: a tiny, winged statuette representing Anteros, and a silver goblet (in some casts a sprig of hawthorn). The circular base on which she stands, intrinsic to the statue and decorated with classical grotesques, suggests an altar or the approach to one’.The objects she holds were cast separately and are sometimes in silver or gilt bronze, there are also examples of the figure carrying a putto holding a torch. This specific example is of Anteros (the god of reciprocal love) and a flower. The young girl is pictured offering gifts to Hymen - the god of marriage.
Offering to Hymen was one of Gilbert's earliest bronzes modelled when he was in Rome in 1884 and can be seen an accompanying piece to the artist’s Icarus, and Comedy and Tragedy, and Perseus Arming.
Other casts of An Offering to Hymen are in public collections including Manchester City Art Gallery; The Victoria and Albert Museum, London; The Ashmolean, Oxford; and The National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.
Provenance
Sotheby's, LondonPrivate collection, North Yorkshire
Exhibitions
1909: Exhibition of Fair Women. International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers, London, ref.no. 292, another cast.1901: International Exhibition, Glasgow, ref. no. 127.
Literature
The Fine Art Society, Gibson to Gilbert: British Sculpture 1840-1914 (London: Fine Art Society, 1992), pp. 53-55, no. 61.R. Dorment, Alfred Gilbert: Sculptor and Goldsmith, exh. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1986), pp. 51, 114, no. 19.
Richard Dorment, New Sculpture (London: Yale University Press, 1985).
Susan Beattie, The New Sculpture ( London: Yale University Press, 1983), illustrated p. 143.
Isabel McAllister, Alfred Gilbert (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1929).
Anon, A Catalogue of the Pictures, Drawings, Prints and Sculptures in the Exhibition of Fair Women arranged by the International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers (London: Ballantyne & Co Limited, 1909), p. 46, another cast.
Anon, International Exhibition Glasgow, 1901, Official Catalogue of the Fine Art Section (Glasgow: Watson, 1901), p. 113, another cast.